Efecto de la Vitamina E en Células Peritubulares de Testículos de Ratones Mus musculus Tratados con Ácido Valproico Durante el Estado Fetal y Pubertad / Effect of Vitamin E on Peritubular Cells from Testis of Mus musculus Mice Treated with Valproic Acid During the Fetal Stage and Puberty

El ácido valproico (VPA) es un fármaco antiepiléptico teratógenico que, al ser administrado durante etapas tempranas del embarazo, puede producir alteraciones en el desarrollo embriofetal, las que se manifiestan tanto a nivel del sistema nervioso como del testículo. No obstante, se ha reportado que la administración de vitamina E (VE) podría revertir dichas alteraciones. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto protector de la VE a nivel testicular en fetos y ratones púberes expuestos a VPA durante la fase embrionaria de su desarrollo. Se utilizó un total de 30 ratones hembra adultas gestantes (Mus musculus) cepa BALB/c, las cuales se dividieron en 6 grupos. El estudio contempló el análisis de fetos machos a los 17,5 días post-coital (dpc) y machos juveniles a las 6 semanas post-natal. A los grupos 1 y 4 se les administró 0,3 mL de solución fisiológica (grupos control para 17,5 dpc y 6 semanas postnatal, respectivamente). A los grupos 2 y 5 se les suministró la cantidad de 600 mg/kg de VPA (grupos VPA), en tanto que a los grupos 3 y 6 se les aplicó la misma dosis de VPA complementada con 200 UI de VE (grupos VPA+VE). Se describió la histología normal y patológica del compartimento peritubular del testículo. En los grupos VPA se evidenció una degeneración de la pared peritubular, y atrofia de túbulos seminíferos, así como exfoliación de las células germinales. Por el contrario, en los grupos VPA+VE tales signos no fueron observados y la morfología presentó aspecto normal solo con algunas alteraciones focales. Estos resultados corroboran el hecho que la administración de VE contrarresta en parte, los efectos deletéreos que ocasiona el VPA.

SUMMARY: Valproic acid (VPA) is a teratogenic antiepileptic drug that, when administered during the early stages of pregnancy, can produce alterations in embryo-fetal development, which manifest both at the level of the nervous system and the testicle. However, it has been reported that the administration of vitamin E (VE) could reverse these alterations. The study aimed to determine the protective effect of VE at the testicular level in fetuses and pubertal mice exposed to VPA during the embryonic phase of their development. 30 pregnant adult female mice (Mus musculus) BALB/c strain were used, which were divided into 6 groups. The study included the analysis of male fetuses at 17.5 days post-coital (dpc) and juvenile males at 6 weeks post-natal. Groups 1 and 4 were administered 0.3 mL of physiological solution. Groups 2 and 5 were given 600 mg/kg of VPA (VPA groups), while groups 3 and 6 were given the same dose of VPA supplemented with 200 IU of VE (VPA+VE). The normal and pathological histology of the peritubular compartment of the testis was described. In the VPA groups, degeneration of the peritubular wall, and atrophy of the seminiferous tubules, as well as exfoliation of the germ cells, were evident. On the contrary, in the VPA+VE groups such signs were not observed and the morphology presented a normal appearance with only some focal alterations. These results corroborate the fact that the administration of VE partially counteracts the deleterious effects caused by VPA.

Effects of an antioxidants cocktail on glucose metabolism at rest, during exercise, and during a glucose load in healthy young subjects

Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate glucose metabolism (GM) in skeletal muscle by improving the translocation of GLUT4. Antioxidant supplementation could block this physiological effect, altering glucose signaling during exercise. However, there is limited evidence in humans on whether antioxidant intake affects GM. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of an antioxidant cocktail (AOC) on GM at rest and during metabolic challenges. Methods: Ten healthy male subjects received AOC supplementation (1000 mg of Vitamin C, 600 IU of Vitamin E, and 600 mg of α-lipoic acid) or placebo (2.000 mg of talc) before two trials conducted 7 days apart. Trial 1: AOC 120 and 90 minutes before an endurance exercise (EEX) bout at 60 % of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max); Trial 2: AOC 120 and 90 minutes before an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g glucose). Measurements of gas exchange and capillary blood samples were collected every 15 minutes during both trials. Results: AOC supplementation increased resting glucose levels (p<0.05). During Trial 1 (EEX), the AOC increased carbohydrate oxidation (CHOox) (p= 0.03), without effect in glucose blood levels. During Trial 2 (OGTT), the AOC supplementation had no significant effect on GM parameters. Conclusion: Acute supplementation with AOC increased resting glucose levels and CHOox during EEX in healthy subjects, with no effect on GM during the OGTT.

Antecedentes: Las especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) regulan el metabolismo de la glucosa (GM) en el músculo esquelético al mejorar la translocación de GLUT4. La suplementación con antioxidantes podría bloquear este efecto fisiológico, alterando la señalización de la glucosa durante el ejercicio. Sin embargo, existe evidencia limitada en humanos sobre si la ingesta de antioxidantes afecta el GM. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue determinar el efecto de un cóctel de antioxidantes (AOC) en el GM en reposo y durante desafíos metabólicos. Métodos: Sujetos sanos (sexo masculino; n= 10) recibieron suplementos de AOC (1.000 mg de vitamina C, 600 UI de vitamina E y 600 mg de ácido α-lipoico) o placebo (2.000 mg de talco) previo a dos pruebas realizadas con 7 días de diferencia. Prueba 1: AOC 120 y 90 minutos antes de una serie de ejercicio de resistencia (EEX) al 60% del consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max); prueba 2: AOC 120 y 90 minutos antes de una prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa (OGTT; 75 g de glucosa). Se obtuvieron datos de intercambio de gaseoso y muestras de sangre capilar cada 15 minutos durante ambas pruebas. Resultados: la suplementación con AOC aumentó los niveles de glucosa en reposo (p<0,05). Durante la prueba 1 (EEX), el AOC aumentó la oxidación de carbohidratos (CHOox) (p= 0,03), sin efecto en los niveles de glucosa en sangre. Durante la prueba 2 (OGTT), la suplementación con AOC no tuvo un efecto significativo en los parámetros de GM. Conclusión: Una suplementación aguda con AOC aumentó los niveles de glucosa en reposo y la CHOox durante EEX en sujetos sanos, sin efecto sobre el GM durante la OGTT.

Evaluación de la efectividad de la vitamina E en la esteatosis hepática no alcohólica en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 sin fibrosis avanzada

Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de la vitamina E en la esteatosis hepática no alcohólica (EHGNA) en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 sin fibrosis avanzada. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico de tipo cuasi experimental. Se formaron dos grupos, un grupo experimental que recibió vitamina E de 400 UI además del manejo convencional, y otro grupo de control con manejo convencional. El estudio incluyó a 71 pacientes en cada grupo. Ambos grupos fueron sometidos al cálculo de un puntaje de fibrosis hepática, ecografía hepática y a la medición de la transaminasa glutámico-pirúvica al inicio del estudio y tras 6 meses. Asimismo, para comparar concentraciones de los valores de puntaje de fibrosis y de la transaminasa glutámico-pirúvica dentro de un mismo grupo se empleó la prueba Wilcoxon, y para evaluar diferencias entre el grupo experimental y control se realizó la prueba de U de Mann-Whitney. Para comparar la severidad ecográfica se empleó la prueba de Wilcoxon. Luego se realizó la regresión logística. Se procedió a registrar la información en una ficha de recolección de datos haciendo uso del programa Microsoft Excel, posteriormente, se procedió a codificar y generar una base de datos con el paquete estadístico SPSS v. 23. Resultados: Dentro de los resultados se halló que la vitamina E fue efectiva en reducir el puntaje fibrosis hepática, transaminasas y severidad ecográfica en forma significativa (Z = -4,727 y p < 0,05). De acuerdo al análisis de regresión lineal el nivel de TGP y de score de fibrosis no son explicados significativamente por las variables confusoras incluidas en el modelo al 95 % de confianza. Conclusiones: La vitamina E a una dosis de 400 UI vía oral durante 6 meses es una intervención efectiva para controlar la progresión de la hepatopatía que puede cuantificarse mediante puntaje de fibrosis, disminución de transaminasas y valoración ecográfica tras 6 meses de seguimiento.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of vitamin E in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among type 2 diabetes patients without advanced fibrosis. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental analytical study consisting of two groups: an experimental one, which received vitamin E 400 IU in addition to the standard treatment, and a control group, which received only the standard treatment. The study included 71 patients in each group. Both groups underwent liver fibrosis scoring, liver ultrasound and glutamate pyruvate transaminase measurement at study baseline and after six months. Moreover, the Wilcoxon test was used to compare the concentrations of fibrosis score and glutamate pyruvate transaminase values within the same group, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate the differences between the experimental and control groups. The Wilcoxon test was also used to compare ultrasound severity. Then, a logistic regression analysis was performed. The information was entered into a data collection sheet using Microsoft Excel; afterwards, a database was coded and created using IBM SPSS Statistics statistical software 23.0. Results: Among the results, it was found that vitamin E was significantly effective in reducing liver fibrosis, transaminase and ultrasound severity scores (Z = -4.727 and p < 0.05). According to the logistic regression analysis, glutamate pyruvate transaminase levels and fibrosis score are not substantially explained by the confounding variables included in the model at 95 % confidence. Conclusions: Vitamin E at a dose of 400 IU given orally for six months is an effective intervention to control the progression of liver disease, which can be quantified by fibrosis score, transaminase reduction and ultrasound assessment after a 6-month follow-up.

Desafios terapêuticos da mucosite oral em oncopediatria / Therapeutic challenges of oral mucositis in pediatric oncology

O Neuroblastoma (NB) é uma neoplasia do sistema nervoso simpático, e o segundo tumor sólido maligno extracraniano mais comum da infância. Na terapia antineoplásica, complicações orais podem ser observadas, dentre elas a mucosite oral (MO). Trata-se de uma inflamação aguda da mucosa, proveniente da toxicidade dos quimioterápicos. Este relato de caso enfatiza o manejo da MO, bem como sua influência na condição sistêmica e qualidade de vida. Paciente do sexo feminino, nove anos, apresentou recidiva de NB metastático, após tratamento de primeira linha. Admitida na unidade hospitalar para tratamento oncológico na enfermaria de pediatria oncológica, queixando-se de dor intensa em cavidade bucal e orofaringe, associada a pancitopenia severa febril. Ao exame físico apresentava disfagia e déficit ponderal grave, que debilitava a deglutição da própria saliva. O exame intraoral revelou lesões de MO grau 3, segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), em lábios, gengiva anterior e orofaringe. O tratamento consistiu em remoção de debris local, higiene da cavidade bucal com clorexidina 0,12% e utilizando haste flexível de algodão estéril tipo "Swab", visando controle microbiano local, diariamente. Além disso, foi aplicado no leito eritematoso e hemorrágico fotobiomodulação (660 nm, 50 mW, 2 J/cm2, 90 segundos) pontualmente nas áreas do leito da lesão e em varredura na região de orofaringe (sessões intercaladas). Foi prescrito acetato de racealfatocoferol (vitamina E) para ação antioxidante e hidratação dos lábios. Concomitante a mucosite, a paciente apresentou pancitopenia febril severa, sendo necessário uso de cefepima 150 mg/kg/dia, com coleta prévia de hemoculturas, fator estimulador de colônias de granulócitos, Fluconazol, hidratação e suporte nutricional. As hemoculturas foram negativas. As consequências da mucosite contribuíram para desnutrição e piora da qualidade de vida. Conclui-se que a intervenção odontológica em interdisciplinaridade, possibilitou o restabelecimento físico e emocional, possibilitando melhor uma qualidade de vida da paciente (AU).

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a neoplasia of the sympathetic nervous system and the second most common extracranial malignant solid tumor in childhood. In antineoplastic therapy, oral complications can be observed in antineoplastic therapy, among them oral mucositis (OM). It is an acute mucosa inflammation resulting from the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs. This case report emphasizes the management of OM and its influence on the systemic condition and quality of life. A female patient, nine years old, presented a recurrence of metastatic NB after first-line treatment. She was admitted to the hospital unit for oncological therapy in the pediatric oncology ward, complaining of severe pain in the oral cavity and oropharynx associated with severe febrile pancytopenia. On physical examination, she presented dysphagia and severe weight deficit, which weakened the swallowing of her saliva. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the intraoral exam revealed third-grade OM lesions on the lips, anterior gum, and oropharynx. Treatment consisted of removing local debris, cleaning the oral cavity with 0.12% chlorhexidine, and using a flexible, sterile cotton swab, aiming for daily local microbial control. In addition, photobiomodulation (660 nm, 50 mW, 2 J/cm2, 90 seconds) was applied to the erythematous and hemorrhagic bed, punctually in the areas of the lesion and sweeps in the oropharynx region (interspersed sessions). Racealphatocopherol acetate (vitamin E) was prescribed for antioxidant action and lip hydration. Concomitant with mucositis, the patient had severe febrile pancytopenia, requiring cefepime 150 mg/kg/day, with previous collection of blood cultures, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, fluconazole, hydration, and nutritional support. Blood cultures were negative. The consequences of mucositis contributed to malnutrition and worsened quality of life. It is concluded that the interdisciplinary dental intervention enabled physical and emotional restoration, enabling a better quality of life for the patient (AU).

The vitamin e consumption effect on muscle damage and oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials / Efeito da ingestão de vitamina e sobre os danos musculares e o estresse oxidativo: uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise de ensaios controlados randomizados / Efecto del consumo de vitamina e sobre el daño muscular y el estrés oxidativo: una revisión sistemática con metaanálisis de ensayos controlados aleatorios

ABSTRACT Introduction: Vitamin E supplementation may protect against exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) through possible inhibition of free radical formation and cell membrane stabilization. However, there is no systematic review of this topic. This fact maintains academic stalemates that may have a resolution. Objective: This systematic review with meta-analysis aims to provide a comprehensive literature review on the hypothesis of the benefit of vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress and muscle damage induced by aerobic exercise. Methods: A random-effects model was used, weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied to estimate the overall effect. Results: The results revealed a significant effect of vitamin E supplementation on reducing creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In addition, a subgroup analysis resulted in a significant decrease in CK concentrations in trials with immediate and <24 hours post-exercise CK measurement; <1000 at daily vitamin E intake; ≤1 at weekly intake; 1 at six weeks and >6 weeks experimental duration, studies on aerobic exercise and training were part of the crossover study. Conclusion: Vitamin E can be seen as a priority agent for recovery from muscle damage. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.

RESUMO Introdução: A suplementação de vitamina E pode ter um efeito protetor contra danos musculares induzidos pelo exercício (EIMD) através da possível inibição da formação radical livre e estabilização da membrana celular. Todavia, não há uma revisão sistemática sobre esse tema. Tal fato mantém empasses acadêmicos que podem ter uma resolução. Objetivo: Esta revisão sistemática com meta-análise objetiva fornecer uma análise bibliográfica abrangente na hipótese do benefício na suplementação de vitaminas E sobre o estresse oxidativo e os danos musculares induzidos pelo pelo exercício aeróbico. Métodos: Foi utilizado um modelo com efeitos aleatórios, diferença média ponderada (ADM) e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC) foram aplicados para estimar o efeito geral. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram um efeito significativo da suplementação de vitamina E na redução da creatina-quinase (CK) e lactato-desidrogenase (LDH). Além disso, uma análise do subgrupo resultou em uma diminuição significativa das concentrações de CK em ensaios com medição imediata e <24 horas de CK após o exercício; <1000 no consumo diário de vitamina E; ≤1 no consumo semanal; 1 em 6 semanas e >6 semanas de duração experimental, estudos sobre exercício aeróbico e treinamento fizeram parte do estudo cruzado. Conclusão: A vitamina E pode ser vista como um agente prioritário de recuperação de danos musculares. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción: La suplementación con vitamina E puede tener un efecto protector contra el daño muscular inducido por el ejercicio (EIMD) a través de la posible inhibición de la formación de radicales libres y la estabilización de la membrana celular. Sin embargo, no existe ninguna revisión sistemática sobre este tema. Este hecho mantiene un impasse académico que puede tener resolución. Objetivo: Esta revisión sistemática con meta-análisis tiene como objetivo proporcionar una amplia revisión de la literatura sobre la hipótesis del beneficio de la suplementación con vitamina E sobre el estrés oxidativo y el daño muscular inducido por el ejercicio aeróbico. Métodos: Se utilizó un modelo de efectos aleatorios, se aplicó la diferencia de medias ponderada (DMP) y el intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95% para estimar el efecto global. Resultados: Los resultados revelaron un efecto significativo de la suplementación con vitamina E en la reducción de la creatina quinasa (CK) y la lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH). Además, un análisis de subgrupos dio como resultado una disminución significativa de las concentraciones de CK en los ensayos con medición de CK inmediata y <24 horas después del ejercicio; <1000 en la ingesta diaria de vitamina E; ≤1 en la ingesta semanal; 1 en 6 semanas y >6 semanas de duración experimental, los estudios sobre el ejercicio aeróbico y el entrenamiento formaron parte del estudio cruzado. Conclusión: La vitamina E puede resultar un agente prioritario para la recuperación del daño muscular. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Investigation on the changes in concentrations of vitamin D3 and E in Honamli and hair goat breed' colostrum in early postpartum.

INTRODUCTION: Colostrum contains higher amounts of vitamins D3 and E than mature milk. Due to the structural feature of the goat placenta, goat kids are born with very low reserves of fat-soluble vitamins and must rely on colostrum to acquire adequate plasma levels of vitamin D3 and vitamin E. In the present study, vitamin E was measured in the form of α-tocopherol which is the most dominant isoform present in milk samples. The main aim of the present study is to determine the colostrum vitamin D3 and E content in Honamli and hair goats in the early postpartum stage by high-performance liquid chromatography. Five Honamli and five hair goat colostrum samples were collected on the day of kidding and on the third and fifth days postpartum. On the sampled days, the colostrum of both goat breeds contains higher concentrations of vitamin D3 and α-tocopherol than that in mature milk (p< 0,05) and there was the existence of a breed difference in colostrum vitamin D3 and α-tocopherol concentrations (p< 0,05) was determined. Also, the effect of sampling day on colostrum vitamin D3 concentration in samples that were obtained between the first and third days was also significant (p< 0,05). Hair goat colostrum α-tocopherol concentrations were found to be higher than Honamli goats (p< 0,05). Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between the sampling day and α-tocopherol content on days one and five (p < 0,05).

INTRODUCTION: Le colostrum contient des quantités plus élevées de vitamines D3 et E que le lait. En raison des caractéristiques structurelles du placenta de la chèvre, les chevreaux naissent avec de très faibles réserves de vitamines liposolubles et doivent compter sur le colostrum pour acquérir des niveaux plasmatiques adéquats de vitamine D3 et de vitamine E. Dans la présente étude, la vitamine E a été mesurée sous la forme d'α-tocophérol qui est l'isoforme la plus dominante présente dans les échantillons de lait. L'objectif principal de la présente étude était de déterminer la teneur en vitamines D3 et E du colostrum chez les chèvres Honamli et les chèvres angoras au début du post-partum par chromatographie liquide à haute performance. Cinq échantillons de colostrum de chèvres Honamli et cinq de chèvres angoras ont été collectés le jour de la mise bas et les troisième et cinquième jours du post-partum. Aux jours échantillonnés, le colostrum des deux races de chèvres contenait des concentrations de vitamine D3 et d'α-tocophérol plus élevées que celles du lait (p< 0,05) et l'existence d'une différence entre les races dans les concentrations de vitamine D3 et d'α-tocophérol du colostrum (p< 0,05) a été mesurée. De plus, l'effet du jour d'échantillonnage sur la concentration en vitamine D3 du colostrum dans les échantillons qui ont été obtenus entre le premier et le troisième jour était également significatif (p< 0,05). Les concentrations d'α-tocophérol dans le colostrum des chèvres angoras se sont avérées plus élevées que celles des chèvres Honamli (p< 0,05). En outre, il y avait une différence statistiquement significative entre le jour d'échantillonnage et la teneur en α-tocophérol aux jours un et cinq (p < 0,05).

Función de las vitaminas D, E y K en condiciones especiales: salud y enfermedad / Function of vitamins D, E and K in Special Conditions: Health and Disease

Resumen: Antecedentes: se cuenta con recomendaciones de energía y nutrientes para población sana; sin embargo, a nutrientes como las vitaminas D, E, K se les atribuyen funciones importantes en diferentes situaciones de salud. Objetivo: explorar la efectividad de dosis dietarias y de suplementos de las vitaminas D, E y K en condiciones especiales de salud y enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de documentos en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Lilacs, SciELO, Ebsco y en textos especializados utilizando palabras clave: "vitamin D", "vitamin E", "vitamin K", "health", "disease", "nutritional recommendations". Resultados: hay un importante número de estudios y revisiones sistemáticas que contribuyen a la evidencia y la discusión en cuanto a efecto, dosis y tiempo, los cuales arrojaron tanto desenlaces positivos como nulos. Conclusión: los efectos de la vitamina D dietaria en la salud ósea están bien documentados, y sus suplementos acompañados de calcio están indicados en grupos poblacionales con riesgo de osteoporosis, pero no en otras condiciones clínicas. No hay suficiente evidencia sobre los beneficios de la vitamina E en el manejo o prevención de enfermedad hepática, cardiovascular o cáncer. La vitamina K podría ser importante en la salud ósea, sobre otras condiciones clínicas.

Abstract: Background: There are energy and nutrient recommendations for a healthy population; however, important functions in different health situations are attributed to nutrients such as vitamins D, E, K, E and K. Objective: To explore the effectiveness of dietary doses and supplements of vitamins D, E and K in special conditions of health and disease. Materials and Methods: A document search was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, Sciencedirect, Lilacs, Scielo and Ebsco databases, and in specialized texts using keywords: "vitamin D", "vitamin E", "vitamin K", "Health", "disease", "nutritional recommendations". Results: There is a significant number of studies and systematic reviews that contribute to the evidence and discussion regarding effect, dose and time, which yielded both positive and null outcomes. Conclusion: The effects of dietary vitamin D in bone health are well documented and its supplementation accompanied by calcium is indicated in population groups at risk for osteoporosis, but not in other clinical conditions. There is insufficient evidence on the benefits of vitamin E in the management or prevention of liver disease, cardiovascular disease, or cancer. Vitamin K could be important in bone health, over other clinical conditions.

Vitamin E suppresses aortic ultrastructural alterations induced by toxic doses of monosodium glutamate / La vitamina E suprime las alteraciones ultraestructurales aórticas inducidas por dosis tóxicas de glutamato monosódico

SUMMARY: An association between certain food additives and chronic diseases is reported. Current study determined whether administering toxic doses of the food additive monosodium glutamate (MSG) into rats can induce aortopathy in association with the oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers upregulation and whether the effects of MSG overdose can be inhibited by vitamin E. MSG at a dose of (4 mg/kg; orally) that exceeds the average human daily consumption by 1000x was administered daily for 7 days to the rats in the model group. Whereas, rats treated with vitamin E were divided into two groups and given daily doses of MSG plus 100 mg/ kg vitamin E or MSG plus 300 mg/kg vitamin E. On the eighth day, all rats were culled. Using light and electron microscopy examinations, a profound aortic injury in the model group was observed demonstrated by damaged endothelial layer, degenerated smooth muscle cells (SMC) with vacuoles and condensed nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasm, disrupted plasma membrane, interrupted internal elastic lamina, clumped chromatin, and damaged actin and myosin filaments. Vitamin E significantly protected aorta tissue and cells as well as inhibited MSG-induced tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The highest used vitamin E dosage was more effective. Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between the aortic injury degree and tissue MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels (p=0.001). Vitamin E effectively protects against aortopathy induced by toxic doses of MSG in rats and inhibits oxidative stress and inflammation.

RESUMEN: Se reporta una asociación entre ciertos aditivos alimentarios y enfermedades crónicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la administración de dosis tóxicas del aditivo alimentario glutamato monosódico (MSG) en ratas puede inducir aortopatía en asociación con el estrés oxidativo y la regulación positiva de los biomarcadores inflamatorios y si el efecto de una sobredosis de MSG se puede inhibir con vitamina E. Se administró MSG diariamente durante 7 días una dosis de (4 g/kg; por vía oral) que excede el consumo diario humano promedio, en 1000x a las ratas del grupo modelo. Mientras que las ratas tratadas con vitamina E se dividieron en dos grupos y se administraron dosis diarias de MSG más 100 mg/kg de vitamina E o MSG más 300 mg/kg de vitamina E. Todas las ratas fueron sacrificadas en el octavo día. Usando exámenes de microscopía óptica y electrónica, se observó una lesión aórtica profunda en el grupo modelo demostrada por una capa endotelial dañada, células musculares lisas degeneradas (SMC) con vacuolas y núcleos condensados, citoplasma vacuolado, membrana plasmática rota, lámina elástica interna interrumpida, cromatina agrupada y filamentos de actina y miosina dañados. La vitamina E protegió significativamente el tejido y las células de la aorta, además de inhibir el malondialdehído tisular (MDA) inducido por MSG, la interleucina-6 (IL-6) y el factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α). La dosis más alta de vitamina E utilizada fue más efectiva. Además, se observó una correlación significativa entre el grado de lesión aórtica y los niveles tisulares de MDA, TNF-α, IL-6 y superóxido dismutasa (SOD) (p=0,001). La vitamina E efectivamente protege contra la aortopatía inducida por dosis tóxicas de MSG en ratas e inhibe el estrés oxidativo y la inflamación.

Riesgo de preeclampsia y suplementación de vitamina C y E: revisión sistemática y metanálisis / Risk of preeclampsia and Vitamin C and E supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

RESUMEN Introducción: Se ha sugerido que la preeclampsia puede ser prevenida por la ingesta de vitamina E y C, dado el mecanismo fisiopatológico de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia conjunta de la vitamina C y E en la prevención de la preeclamsia. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos pubmed/medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, y Clinical Trials. El riesgo de sesgo de los ensayos clínicos aleatorios se evaluó mediante la herramienta Cochrane versión 2. Se realizó un metanálisis de efectos aleatorios y se calcularon los riesgos relativos, con los correspondientes intervalos de confianza al 95 %. Resultados: Se incluyeron 7 estudios (n= 1 475). No se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa del tratamiento con suplementación de vitamina C y E con respecto a la preeclampsia (riesgo relativo: 1,03; IC95 %: 0,78-1,26). Conclusiones: La suplementación dual de vitamina C y E no previene la preeclamsia en gestantes con riesgo de padecer la enfermedad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: It has been suggested that preeclampsia can be prevented by vitamin E and C intake, given the pathophysiological mechanism of this disease. Objective: To determine the joint efficacy of vitamin C and E in the prevention of preeclampsia. Methods: Systematic review of randomized clinical trials. A search of pubmed/medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Clinical Trials databases was performed. The risk of bias of the randomized clinical trials was assessed using the Cochrane tool version 2. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed and relative risks were calculated, with corresponding 95 % confidence intervals. Results: Seven studies were included (n= 1 475). No statistically significant association of treatment with vitamin C and E supplementation was found with respect to preeclampsia (relative risks: 1.03; 95 % CI 0.78-1.26). Conclusions: Dual vitamin C and E supplementation does not prevent preeclampsia in pregnant women at risk for the disease.

[Neurological pathology by liposoluble vitamin-related disorders]. / Patología neurológica por desequilibrio de vitaminas liposolubles.

INTRODUCTION: Background: the clinicians rarely have to cope with diseases of nutritional origin and scarcely, although possible, vitamins alterations produce neurological symptoms. Objectives: to show, based on two clinical cases, the neurological symptoms due to liposoluble vitamins alterations, focusing on vitamins E and A. Conclusions: it is important to consider liposoluble vitamin alterations as a cause of neurological symptoms, despite their rarity, after rolling out the most probable entities.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: en la práctica clínica hospitalaria nos enfrentamos a algunas patologías que tienen origen nutricional. Aunque rara vez, las alteraciones vitamínicas pueden desencadenar trastornos neurológicos graves. Objetivos: mostrar los síntomas neurológicos que pueden darse por alteraciones en los niveles de las vitaminas liposolubles, centrándonos en las vitaminas E y A, mediante la exposición de dos casos clínicos. Conclusiones: es importante tener en mente las alteraciones de vitaminas liposolubles como origen de un trastorno neurológico, a pesar de su escasa frecuencia, habiendo descartado primero las causas más probables.

Vitamin e intake and food sources in adolescent diet: a cross-sectional population-based study / Consumo de vitamina e e fontes alimentares na dieta de adolescentes: um estudo transversal de base populacional

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess vitamin E intake and its relationship with sociodemographic variables, and to identify the main dietary sources of the nutrient in the diet of adolescents. Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study that used data from 891 adolescents living in Campinas, SP, participating in ISACamp 2014/15 (Health Survey) and ISACamp-Nutri 2015/16 (Food Consumption and Nutritional Status Survey). The nutrient intake averages were estimated using the Generalized Linear Model, adjusted for the total energy of the diet. Dietary sources of vitamin E were identified from the calculation of the relative contribution. Results: The average vitamin E intake was 3.2 mg for adolescents aged 10 to 13 years and 3.5 mg for those aged 14 to 19 years, results far below the recommended values of 9 and 12 mg, respectively. The prevalence of inadequacy was 92.5%. ­Ten ­foods/­food groups represented 85.7% of vitamin E present in the adolescents' diet; the vegetable oils group accounted for more than a quarter of the contribution (25.5%), followed by cookies (9.1%) and beans (8.9%). Conclusions: There were a low intake and a high prevalence of inadequate vitamin E intake among adolescents in Campinas, with vegetable oil as the main source. For the total number of adolescents, almost 33% of the nutrient content was derived from foods of poor nutritional quality such as cookies, packaged snacks, and margarine. The results of this study can guide public health actions that aim to improve the quality of adolescents' diets.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a ingestão de vitamina E e sua relação com variáveis sociodemográficas, e identificar as principais fontes alimentares do nutriente na dieta de adolescentes. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal de base populacional que utilizou dados de 891 adolescentes residentes em Campinas, SP, participantes do ISACamp 2014/15 (Inquérito de Saúde) e ISACamp-Nutri 2015/16 (Inquérito de Consumo Alimentar e Estado Nutricional). As médias de ingestão do nutriente foram estimadas por meio de modelo linear generalizado, ajustado pela energia total da dieta. As fontes alimentares de vitamina E foram identificadas pelo cálculo de contribuição relativa. Resultados: A ingestão média de vitamina E foi de 3,2 mg para os adolescentes de 10 a 13 anos e de 3,5 mg para os de 14 a 19 anos, resultados bem inferiores aos valores recomendados de 9 e 12 mg, respectivamente. A prevalência de inadequação foi de 92,5%. Dez alimentos/grupos alimentares representaram 85,7% da vitamina E presente na dieta dos adolescentes; o grupo dos óleos vegetais totalizou mais de um quarto da contribuição (25,5%), seguido dos biscoitos (9,1%) e dos feijões (8,9%). Conclusões: Observou-se baixa ingestão e elevada prevalência de inadequação do consumo de vitamina E nos adolescentes de Campinas, apontando o óleo vegetal como principal fonte. Para o total de adolescentes, quase 33% do teor do nutriente derivava de alimentos de má qualidade nutricional como biscoitos, salgadinhos de pacote e margarina. Os resultados deste estudo podem direcionar ações de saúde pública que objetivem melhorar a qualidade da dieta dos adolescentes.

Vitamin E deficiency and associated factors among Brazilian school children / Deficiência de vitamina E e fatores associados entre crianças escolares brasileiras

ABSTRACT: Objective: Brazilian national data show a significant deficiency in pediatric vitamin E consumption, but there are very few studies evaluating laboratory-proven nutritional deficiency. The present study aimed to settle the prevalence of vitamin E deficiency (VED) and factors associated among school-aged children attended at a primary health unit in Ribeirão Preto (SP). Methods: A cross-sectional study that included 94 children between 6 and 11 years old. All sub-jects were submitted to vitamin E status analysis. To investigate the presence of factors associated with VED, socio-economic and anthropometric evaluation, determination of serum hemoglobin and zinc levels, and parasitological stool exam were performed. The associations were performed using Fisher's exact test. Results: VED (α-tocopherol concentrations <7 µmol/L) was observed in seven subjects (7.4%). None of them had zinc deficiency. Of the total of children, three (3.2%) were malnourished, 12 (12.7%) were anemic, and 11 (13.5%) presented some pathogenic intestinal parasite. These possible risk factors, in addition to maternal-work, maternal educational level, and monthly income, were not associated with VED. Conclusions: The prevalence of VED among school-aged children attended at a primary health unit was low. Zinc deficiency, malnutrition, anemia, pathogenic intestinal parasite, maternal-work, maternal educational level, and monthly income were not a risk factor for VED. (AU)

RESUMO: Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência da deficiência de vitamina E (DVE) e os fatores associados a essa deficiência em escolares atendidos em uma unidade básica de saúde de Ribeirão Preto (SP). Métodos: Estudo transversal que incluiu 94 crianças entre 6 e 11 anos de idade, atendidas em uma unidade básica de saúde. Todos os indivíduos foram submetidos à análise do status de vitamina E. Para investigar a presença de fatores associados à DVE, foi realizada avaliação socio-econômica e antropométrica, determinação dos níveis séricos de hemoglobina e zinco, e exame parasitológico de fezes. As associações foram realizadas por meio do teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: A DVE (concentrações de α-tocoferol <7 µmol/l) foi observada em sete indivíduos (7,4%). Nenhum sujeito apresentou deficiência sérica de zinco. Do total de crianças, três (3,2%) eram desnutridas, 12 (12,7%) anêmicas e 11 (13,5%) apresentavam algum parasita intestinal patogênico. Estes possíveis fatores de risco, além do trabalho materno, escolaridade materna e renda mensal, não foram associados à DVE (p>0,05). Conclusão: A prevalência de DVE em escolares atendidos em uma unidade básica de saúde foi baixa. Desnutrição, anemia, parasitose intestinal, renda mensal e trabalho e nível educacional maternos não se apre-sentaram como fatores de risco para a DVE. (AU)

Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos de um surto de miopatia nutricional em potros ˗ relato de caso / [Epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects of an outbreak of nutritional myopathy in young horses ˗ case report]

A miopatia nutricional é uma doença degenerativa que pode afetar os músculos esqueléticos e cardíaco, causada pela deficiência dietética de selênio e/ou vitamina E. Objetivou-se relatar a ocorrência de miopatia nutricional em dois potros Puro Sangue Inglês, criados de forma extensiva, com baixa disponibilidade de forragem e sem suplementação mineral. De um lote de nove animais de diferentes idades (cinco éguas adultas, uma potra lactente de três meses,uma mula e dois potros de 16 e 17 meses), apenas os dois últimos foram afetados. Clinicamente, havia decúbito lateral ou esternal, taquicardia, taquipneia, desidratação e dor à palpação muscular na região dos glúteos.O diagnóstico presuntivo de miopatia nutricional foi realizado por meio da associação dos sinais clínicos aos dados epidemiológicos.O animal 1 foi eutanasiado cinco dias após o atendimento devido à piora gradativa do quadro, e o animal 2 recuperou-se com o tratamento adotado. O diagnóstico foi confirmado com base nos exames complementares, nos achados de necropsia e na dosagem da concentração hepática de selênio. Este relato de caso alerta para o risco da ocorrência de miopatia nutricional em equinos, sobretudo jovens, sem acesso a pastagens ou feno de boa qualidade e sem suplementação mineral adequada.(AU)

Nutritional myopathy is a degenerative disease caused by the dietary deficiency of selenium and/or vitamin E that can affect skeletal and cardiac muscles. The objective of this study was to report the occurrence of nutritional myopathy in two Thoroughbred young horses, raised in pastures with low forage availability and no mineral supplementation. From a herd of nine animals of different ages (five adult mares, one three-month-old nursing foal, one mule and two 16- and 17-month-old horses), only the last two were affected. Clinical signs were lateral or sternal recumbency, tachycardia, tachypnea, dehydration and muscle pain. Presumptive diagnosis of nutritional myopathy was made associating clinical signs and epidemiological data. Animal 1 was euthanized five days after the first evaluation due to clinical signs gets worse, and animal 2 recovered with the established treatment. Diagnosis was confirmed with complementary exams, necropsy findings and levels of hepatic selenium. This paper alerts to the risk of nutritional myopathy occurrence in horses, mainly young animals, which are not ingesting good quality hay or green forage and do not receive appropriate mineral supplementation.(AU)

Daño pulmonar asociado al uso de cigarrillos electrónicos-vapeadores / Pulmonary damage associated with the use of electronic cigarettes or vapers

Ha habido mucha discusión sobre los efectos dañinos para la salud producidos por los cigarrillos electrónicos o vapeadores y su utilidad como ayuda para dejar de fumar. Cada vez aparecen más publicaciones con efectos deletéreos sobre la salud. Esta discusión se ha acentuado en los últimos años, por el importante aumento del uso de los vapeadores en todo el mundo, especialmente entre los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. En septiembre de 2019 el Centro de Control y Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) de los EE. UU. alertó sobre un importante número de casos de enfermedad pulmonar asociada al uso de cigarrillo electrónico (EVALI: e-cigarette or vaping associated lung injury). Epidemiológicamente se consideró un brote que al 17 de enero, 2020 ha presentado 2.668 pacientes hospitalizados, con 57 fallecidos. Durante la semana del 15 de septiembre 2019 ocurrió el 'peak' de hospitalizaciones por EVALI. La mayoría eran varones jóvenes. El 82% usó productos con Tetrahidrocanabinoides (THC) y el 14% productos con nicotina. En el lavado bronquio-alveolar de 51 casos de EVALI se encontró la presencia de acetato de Vitamina E, producto utilizado como espesante para la elaboración de productos de 'vapeo' que contienen THC, lo que lo hace un posible factor causal, pero no se puede descartar el papel de otros compuestos tóxicos. Las principales sociedades científicas del mundo y la OMS han advertido de los riesgos a largo plazo del uso de los cigarrillos electrónicos y recomiendan su control y regulación.

There has been a lot of discussion about the harmful health effects caused by electronic cigarettes or vapers and their usefulness as a smoking cessation aid. More and more publications appear with deleterious effects on health. This discussion has been straightened in recent years, due to the significant increase in the use of vapers worldwide, especially among adolescents and young adults. In September 2019, the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention warned of a significant number of cases of lung disease associated with the use of electronic cigarettes (EVALI: e-cigarette or vaping associated lung injury). Epidemiologically it was considered an outbreak that as of January 17, 2020 presented 2668 hospitalized patients, with 57 deaths. During the week of September 15, 2019 the peak of hospitalizations for EVALI occurred. The majority were young men. 82% of them used products with Tetrahydrocanabinoids (THC) and 14% products with nicotine. In the bronchoalveolar lavage of 51 cases of EVALI, the presence of Vitamin E acetate was found, a product used as a thickener for the elaboration of vaping products containing THC, which makes it a possible causal factor, but it cannot be ruled out the contribution of other toxic compounds. The world's leading scientific societies and World Health Organization have warned of the long-term risks of using electronic cigarettes and recommend their control and regulation.

Effect of castration and vitamin E supplementation on carcass and meat quality of Santa Inês lambs / Efecto de la castración y de la suplementación con vitamina E sobre la canal y la calidad de la carne de corderos Santa Inês / Efeito da Castração e da suplementação de vitamina E sobre a carcaça e qualidade da carne de ovinos Santa Inês

Abstract Background: Carcass and sheep meat quality are influenced by several factors, such as race, age, slaughter weight, type of diet, and dietary supplementation. Objective: To evaluate the effect of castration and vitamin E supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics and meat of lambs slaughtered at 45 kg. Methods: Thirty-two male lambs (16 castrated and 16 not castrated) were fed diets with or without the inclusion of vitamin E. The animals had an average age of 180 ± 20 days and a mean weight of 25.1 ± 4.6 kg. Performance was evaluated for 56 days, and the animals were slaughtered when reaching a weight of 45 kg. The experimental design was randomized blocks based on initial weights, and variables were assessed by a 2x2 factorial design (castrated and intact, supplemented or not with vitamin E, with a probability of 5%). Results: Higher proportion (p<0.05) of visceral fat was found in castrated animals (kidney: 2.45%, inguinal: 0.57% and omental: 4.96%) than in intact animals (kidney: 1.25%, inguinal 0.27%. and omental 3.12%). The aged meat samples showed no color differences for any of the treatments, but there were differences in shear force for steaks aged for 7 days, where the castrated animals showed an average of 2.64 kgf and intact animals showed an average 3.29 kgf. The animals supplemented with vitamin E had lower shear forces in non-aged samples. Conclusion: Castration increased deposition of visceral and fat coverage but did not influence the cut yields and total carcass yield. The animals supplemented with vitamin E had lower shear forces in non-aged samples.

Resumen Antecedentes: La calidad de la canal y de la carne de ovino puede ser influenciada por varios factores, como raza, edad, peso de sacrificio, tipo de dieta y suplementación. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la castración y de la suplementación con vitamina E sobre el desempeño, la calidad de la canal y la carne de corderos Santa Inés sacrificados a los 45 kg de peso. Métodos: Fueron utilizados treinta y dos corderos: dieciséis castrados y dieciséis no castrados, alimentados con dietas con o sin inclusión de vitamina E. Los animales tenían una edad promedio de 180 ± 20 días y un peso promedio de 25,1 ± 4,6 kg. Fue evaluado el desempeño durante 56 días y, al llegar a los 45 kg de peso fueron sacrificados. El diseño experimental fue en bloques aleatorizados con base en el peso inicial, y las variables analizadas mediante un modelo factorial 2x2 (castrado o no castrado y suplementado o no con vitamina E, con una probabilidad del 5%). Resultado: Se encontró mayor proporción (p<0,05) de grasa visceral en los animales castrados (renal: 2,45%; inguinal: 0,57% y mesentérica: 4,96%) que en los no castrados (renal: 1,25%; inguinal 0,27% y mesentérica: 3,12%). Las muestras de carne maduradas no presentaron diferencias de color entre tratamientos, sin embargo hubo diferencias en la fuerza de corte para las carnes maduradas por 7 días, donde los animales castrados presentaron una media de 2,64 kgf y los no castrados de 3,29 kgf. La carne de los animales suplementados con vitamina E tuvo menor fuerza de corte en las muestras no maduradas. Conclusión: La castración aumentó la deposición de grasa visceral y de cobertura pero no influenció las características de rendimiento total de la canal y cortes. Los animales suplementados con vitamina E tuvieron menor fuerza de corte en las muestras no maduradas.

Resumo Antecedentes: A qualidade da carcaça e da carne ovina pode ser influenciada por vários fatores como raça, idade, peso de abate tipo de dieta e suplementação. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da castração e da suplementação de vitamina E sobre o desempenho e qualidade de carcaça e carne de cordeiros Santa Inês abatidos a 45 kg de peso. Métodos: Foram utilizados trinta e dois cordeiros, dezesseis castrados e dezesseis não castrados alimentados com dietas com ou sem inclusão de vitamina E. Os animais tinham idade média de 180 ± 20 dias e peso médio de 25,1 ± 4,6 kg. Foi avaliado o desempenho durante 56 dias, e ao chegarem aos 45 kg foi realizado o abate. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com base no peso inicial, e as variáveis analisadas por modelo fatorial 2x2 (castrado ou não castrado e suplementado ou não com vitamina E, ao nível de 5%). Resultado: Foi encontrada maior proporção (p<0,05) das gorduras viscerais nos animais castrados (renal: 2,45%; inguinal: 0,57% e omental: 4,96%) do que nos animais não castrados (renal: 1,25%; inguinal 0,27% e omental: 3,12%). As amostras maturadas não apresentaram diferenças de cor entre os tratamentos, no entanto houve diferenças na força de cisalhamento para as carnes maturadas por 7 dias, na qual os animais castrados apresentaram média de 2,64 kgf e os não castrados de 3,29 kgf. Os animais suplementados com vitamina E apresentaram menores forças de cisalhamento nas amostras não maturadas. Conclusão: A castração aumentou a deposição de gorduras viscerais e de cobertura, mas não influenciou as características de rendimento de carcaça e cortes. Os animais suplementados com vitamina E tiveram menor força de cisalhamento nas amostras não maturadas.

Protective effect of dietary vitamin E (alpha; Tocopherol) on artemisinin induced oxidative liver tissue damage in rats / Efecto protector de la vitamina E en la dieta (alfa; tocoferol) sobre el daño oxidativo del tejido hepático inducido por artemisinina en ratas

This experiment was designed to study the effects of oral administration of artemether which is the most rapid-acting class of antimalarial drugs and the possible protective effect of vitamin E taken with it on the liver of albino rats. A total of twenty-four adult male albino rats were used in this study and were divided into four groups. Group one served as a control and rats in group two exposed to oral intake of artemether daily for fifteen days. The third and fourth groups treated with artemether plus low and high doses of vitamin E respectively. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, and the livers were obtained and processed for histological, biochemical and statistical studies. Histological study of the hepatocytes of rats exposed to artemether showed nearly complete disintegration of most cellular contents except few numbers of mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Also, the cytoplasm of these cells had few lysosomes, many vacuoles and irregular nuclei with abnormal distribution of chromatin and were shown. The hepatic sinusoids were dilated and filled with blood and vacuoles and bile ductules were abnormal in its structure. Treatment with low and high doses of vitamin E in concomitant with artemether ameliorated the hepatic histopathological lesions and its parenchyma attained nearly normal structure. As far as biochemical changes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in rats treated with artemether were significantly elevated as compared to the control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly increased in the liver in rats treated with artemether. However, vitamin E ameliorated the rise in ALT and AST with decreased MDA concentration and levels of SOD as compared to the corresponding artemether group values. Results of the present suggest that artemether has a harmful and stressful effect on hepatic tissue and the treatment with vitamin E may alleviate this toxicity.

Este experimento fue diseñado para estudiar los efectos de la administración oral de arteméter, la clase de medicamentos antipalúdicos de acción rápida, y el posible efecto protector de la vitamina E en el hígado de ratas albinas. Se utilizaron un total de 24 ratas albinas machos adultas y se dividieron en cuatro grupos. El grupo uno sirvió como control y las ratas en el grupo dos recibieron la dosis oral de arteméter diariamente durante 15 días. Los grupos tres y cuatro fueron tratados con arteméter, más dosis bajas y altas de vitamina E, respectivamente. Al final del experimento, se sacrificaron las ratas y se obtuvieron y procesaron los hígados para estudios histológicos, bioquímicos y estadísticos. El estudio histológico de los hepatocitos de ratas expuestas a arteméter mostró una desintegración casi completa de la mayoría de los contenidos celulares, excepto algunos mitocondrias y retículo endoplásmico rugoso. Además, el citoplasma de estas células tenía pocos lisosomas, muchas vacuolas y núcleos irregulares con distribución anormal de cromatina. Los sinusoides hepáticos estaban dilatados y llenos de sangre y vacuolas, y los conductos biliares tenían una estructura anormal. El tratamiento con dosis bajas y altas de vitamina E en forma concomitante con arteméter mejoró las lesiones histopatológicas hepáticas y su parénquima alcanzó una estructura casi normal. En cuanto a los cambios bioquímicos, la alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) y la aspartato aminotransferasa (AST) en ratas tratadas con arteméter se elevaron significativamente en comparación con el control. Los niveles de superóxido dismutasa (SOD) y malondialdehído (MDA) aumentaron significativamente en el hígado en ratas tratadas con arteméter. Sin embargo, la vitamina E mejoró el aumento de ALT y AST con una disminución de la concentración de MDA y los niveles de SOD en comparación con los valores correspondientes del grupo de arteméter. Los resultados del presente estudio sugieren que el arteméter tiene un efecto dañino y estresante sobre el tejido hepático y el tratamiento con vitamina E puede aliviar esta toxicidad.

Ameliorative effect of vitamin E on biochemical and ultrastructural changes in artemether-induced renal toxicity in rats / Efecto paliativo de la vitamina E sobre los cambios bioquímicos y ultraestructurales en la toxicidad renal inducida por arteméter en ratas

This experiment was designed to study the administration of normal doses of one of recent antimalarial drug and coadministration of vitamin E on the kidney tissue. A total twenty-four adult male albino rats were used and divided into four groups: the first one served as a control, the second received artemether orally for three days consecutively. The rats of the third and fourth groups received the same dose of artemether concomitantly with 50 and 100 mg/kg vitamin E orally daily for 2 weeks. After the last dose, the rats were sacrificed and the kidney tissues with blood samples obtained and processed for light, electron microscopic and biochemical analysis. Histologically, artemether treated kidneys showed atrophied glomeruli with widened urinary space and kidney tubules were degenerated with disturbed contour and some vacuoles inside it. Ultrastructurally, the glomeruli of this group showed hypertrophic endothelial cells, irregularity of its basement membrane, disrupted foot processes and filtration slits. The kidney tubule cells showed loss of basal infoldings, cytoplasmic vacuolation, polymorphic damaged swollen mitochondria a loss of its microvilli towards its capillary lumen. Artemether plus vitamin E of the rat kidney groups showed improvement of morphological changes compared to the changes seen in artemether alone. These data were confirmed by biochemical findings with marked improvement of blood urea and creatinine levels and increase of anti-oxidant enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the vitamin E treated groups. The results of this study revealed that vitamins E can improve the adverse changes of artemether of rat renal tissue.

Este proyecto fue diseñado para estudiar la administración de dosis normales de uno de los medicamentos antipalúdicos y de la administración de vitamina E en el tejido renal. Se utilizaron 24 ratas albinas machos adultas divididas en cuatro grupos: el primero sirvió como control, el segundo recibió arteméter por vía oral durante tres días consecutivos. Las ratas del tercer y cuarto grupos recibieron la misma dosis de arteméter concomitantemente con 50 y 100 mg / kg de vitamina E por vía oral diariamente durante 2 semanas. Después de la última dosis, las ratas fueron sacrificadas y se obtuvo el tejido renal de cada muestra los cuales fueron procesados para análisis con microscopías de luz y electrónica, además de exámenes bioquímicos. Histológicamente, los riñones tratados con arteméter mostraron atrofia glomerular con espacio urinario ensanchado y túbulos renales degenerados con contorno alterado y algunas vacuolas en su interior. Ultraestructuralmente, los glomérulos de este grupo mostraron células endoteliales hipertróficas, irregularidad de su membrana basal, procesos alterados del pie y hendiduras de filtración. Las células del túbulo renal mostraron pérdida de inflexiones basales, vacuolación citoplasmática, mitocondrias dañadas y pérdida de sus microvellosidades hacia la luz capilar. Arteméter más vitamina E en los grupos de riñón de rata mostraron una mejora de los cambios morfológicos, en comparación con los cambios observados en arteméter solamente. Estos datos fueron confirmados por hallazgos bioquímicos con una marcada mejoría de los niveles de urea y creatinina en sangre y un aumento de las actividades enzimáticas antioxidantes de la glutatión peroxidasa y la superóxido dismutasa en los grupos tratados con vitamina E. Los resultados de este estudio revelaron que la vitamina E puede mejorar los cambios adversos del arteméter del tejido renal de la rata.

Clinical protocol for the topical use of a cream with nanoparticles and vitamin E to prevent radiodermatitis in patients with breast cancer]. / Aplicación tópica de crema con nanopartículas con vitamina E para prevenir radiodermatitis en cáncer de mama: protocolo de ensayo clínico.

Objetivo: Poco se conoce sobre la eficacia de productos para la prevención de radiodermatitis, que afecta al 90­95% de las mujeres con cáncer de mama. El uso de antioxidantes es promisorio, sin embargo, poco estudiado. Los autores desarrollaron un protocolo de ensayo clínico para evaluar el efecto potencial de la aplicación de crema con nanopartículas con vitamina E para prevenir radiodermatitis aguda en mujeres con cáncer de mama. Método: El protocolo sugiere que 108 mujeres adultas con cáncer de mama, que estén recibiendo radioterapia, sean incluidas en este ensayo clínico, controlado, aleatorizado y triple ciego, en un hospital oncológico. Se prevé la distribución de pacientes en tres grupos de 36 personas: el grupo A recibirá una crema con nanopartículas lipídicas con vitamina E, el grupo B obtendrá una crema sin nanopartículas ni vitamina E, y el grupo C usará una crema con nanopartículas sin vitamina E. Los resultados primarios evaluarán la incidencia, el grado y el tiempo de surgimiento de la radiodermatitis. Los resultados secundarios se centrarán en la calidad de vida, los síntomas y la temperatura local. Las pacientes serán evaluadas tres veces por semana, desde el inicio de la radioterapia hasta dos semanas después de la última sesión. El presente proyecto fue aprobado por el comité de ética en investigación de las instituciones involucradas.Objective: Little is known about the efficacy of products that aim to prevent radiodermatitis, which affects between 90­95% of women with breast cancer. The use of antioxidants is promising, however, there is a lack of evidence on their effectiveness. Here, the authors present a clinical trial protocol to evaluate the potential effects of applying a nanoparticle cream with vitamin E to prevent radiodermatitis in patients with breast cancer. Method: The protocol recommends that 108 women with breast cancer, who are receiving radiotherapy, be included in a triple-blinded, randomised, controlled study in an oncology hospital. Patients will be divided in three groups of 36 people each: group A will receive a cream with lipid nanoparticles and vitamin E, group B will obtain a cream without nanoparticles or vitamin E, and group C will receive a cream with nanoparticles without vitamin E. The primary endpoints will evaluate the incidence, degree and time of onset of radiodermatitis. The secondary endpoints will focus on quality of life, symptoms and local temperature. Patients will be assessed three times a week, from the start of their radiotherapy treatment to two weeks after the last session. This protocol was approved by the research ethics committee of the institutions involved.

Small-Molecule Modulation of Soft-Matter Frank-Kasper Phases: A Method for Adding Function to Form.

Incorporation of small amounts of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) in blends with the cellobiose-triazole-linked atactic poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) (CB-aPMP) sugar-polyolefin conjugate can be used to exert external control over thermotropic phase behavior and provide access to non-canonical soft matter Frank-Kasper A15 and σ phases. These results establish a paradigm that can be used for the further design and development of scalable quantities of soft matter FK phases of increased structural complexity and functional capability.

Optical Control of a CRISPR/Cas9 System for Gene Editing by Using Photolabile crRNA.

Currently CRISPR/Cas9 is a widely used efficient tool for gene editing. Precise control over the CRISPR/Cas9 system with high temporal and spatial resolution is essential for studying gene regulation and editing. Here, we synthesized a novel light-controlled crRNA by coupling vitamin E and a photolabile linker at the 5' terminus to inactivate the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The vitamin E modification did not affect ribonucleoprotein (RNP) formation of Cas9/crRNA/tracrRNA complexes but did inhibit the association of RNP with the target DNA. Upon light irradiation, vitamin E-caged crRNA was successfully activated to achieve light-induced genome editing of vascular endothelial cell-growth factor A (VEGFA) in human cells through a T7E1 assay and Sanger sequencing as well as gene knockdown of EGFP expression in EGFP stably expressing cells. This new caging strategy for crRNA could provide new methods for spatiotemporal photoregulation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing.